Traumatic Reticulopericarditis (TRP) also known as Hardware Disease is common in ruminants. The word Hardware in this context refers to foreign materials such as nail,wire,steel,iron slits etc which accidentally engulfs by the animals (Ruminants are not able to discriminate the food material with foreign materials).
Pathogenesis:
When a foreign material for example a nail is engulfed by a ruminant it goes to rumen (the first compartment of compound stomach), where it resides for some time after some time when animal starts regurgitation (جگالی) the nail goes to reticulum (second compartment of compound stomach) and pierces reticular wall causes reticulitis there and enters the pericardium, the sac around the heart (Heart is placed just next to the reticulum) and causes inflammation of pericardium which is called as pericarditis.
Clinical manifestations:
Brisket Edema, Engorged Jugular Vein, Pain on walking, Arched back, Fever, Anorexia, Depression and in severe causes there will be grunting.
Diagnostic Test:
In field conditions for the diagnosis of TRP a test is performed which is called as "Grunt Test". This test can be performed in 3 ways which are written following:
1. By pinching the withers of animal with both hands if the animal grunts then animal will be positive for TRP.
2. By applying fist pressure on the brisket region if the animal grunts then the animal will be positive for TRP.
3. By lifting up the animal with the help of log or rod from the brisket region if the animal grunts then the animal will be positive for TRP.
Prevention and control:
This disease can be prevented by keeping the farm or barn premises clean from the foreign materials discussed earlier. Nowadays magnets are being used to prevent this problem, With the help of bolus gun magnets are placed in the rumen of the animals, if an animal accidentally ingested any sharp object specifically of iron it get attached with magnet and not goes to the reticulum.
Treatment:
The only treatment to cure TRP is surgery followed by NSAIDs / steroids (decided by veterinary surgeon) and Antibiotics.
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